2 USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-42CD. 2006. Overview of Saltcedar Biological Control C. Jack DeLoach, Research Entomologist and Lead Scientist, Saltcedar Biological

Abstract—Biological control has successfully controlled 10 exotic, invasive weeds of rangelands and natural ecosystems in the United States since 1945, and control of oth-ers is in progress. We initiated biological control of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in 1987, using host-specific insect herbivores that regulate saltcedar populations in the Old World. We did a risk analysis, including the possible effects of biological control on the endangered southwestern willow flycatcher, (Empidonax trailii extimus) which had begun nesting extensively in saltcedar in Arizona. Our cooperators in France, Israel