Measurement and modelling of scattering from building walls

A measurement campaign aimed at determining the diffuse scattering pattern of typical building walls has been carried out and results are shown in the paper. Such results are then used to determine and tune simple diffuse scattering models based on the Effective Roughness approach, to be embedded into ray tracing simulators. It is shown that by adopting an appropriate single-lobe scattering pattern the agreement between simulation and measurement is very good. Recently, the adoption of Ray Tracing (RT) tools has greatly improved field prediction capabilities in urban environment and good results have been obtained in a variety of cases [1-4]. However, since conventional R