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In recent years, producers of solid wood dimension parts have emphasized improvements in lumber yield, focusing primarily on lumber grade and cutting technology rather than cutting bill design. Yet, cutting bills have a significant impact on yield. Using rip-first rough mill simulation software, a data bank of red oak lumber samples, and a cutting bill that resembles those used in industry, we determined the effect of changes in part size within an existing cutting bill and the impact of part-quantity requirements on yield. The results indicated that cutting bill requirements have a large influence on yield when the shortest part length in the bill is changed. Medium-length part sizes also affect yield except when the cutting bill requires an unlimited number of small parts; in this case, yield always will be high. When an all-blades-movable arbor is used, length changes in the bill affect yield more than changes in width. This study reveals our current lack of understanding of the complex relationship between cutting bill and lumber yield, and points out the yield gains that are possible when properly designed cutting bills are used