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This brief gives a broad overview of income and poverty as key measures of the material and economic well-being of Native Hawaiian families. The contents are primarily from Ka Huaka‘i: 2005 Native Hawaiian Educational Assessment. What We Learned • Native Hawaiian families in Hawai‘i have the lowest mean family income of all major ethnic groups in the state. • Native Hawaiian families tend to be larger than average, meaning that their comparatively low income must support a higher number of individuals. • Per capita income calculations confirm that Native Hawaiians are socioeconomically disadvantaged. • The cost of living in the state of Hawai‘i is among the highest in the United States. • When we adjust for differences in the cost of living, the median and per capita income of the national Native Hawaiian population is substantially lower than comparable national figures. • Poverty rates consistently show the high socioeconomic need among Native Hawaiians in the state of Hawai‘i. Key Implications • Promote postsecondary education. • Expand employment options for Native Hawaiians. • Develop the socioeconomic capacity of Native Hawaiians. • Build on community strengths