Falkanger and Preben Falkenberg. We have also received helpful comments from Gorm

For what factors should individuals be held responsible? This is a fundamental question underlying much of the contemporary debate on distributive justice. Different fairness ideals, such as strict egalitarian-ism, equal opportunity ethics and libertarianism, can be interpreted as giving different answers to this question. Which view is more pre-valent in society? This paper explores one way of investigating this question. We present the results from a version of the dictator game where the distribution phase is preceded by a production phase. Each player’s contribution is a result of the number of minutes they have chosen to work, their productivity and an exogenously given price they receive for their production. We estimate to what extent the parti-cipants hold each other responsible for the various factors determining their contribution and the weight participants attach to fairness con-siderations