W HAT SHOULD MANAGERS DO TO PROMOTE CORPORATE GREENING? ACADEMIC LITERATURE

We have used qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to empirically investigate rela-tionships between the organizational structure of environmental management within large Japanese manufacturing firms and their corporate greening processes. Three dimensions of bureaucratization (i.e., formalization, centralization and professional-ization) were chosen as the independent variables. Measures of corporate greening, such as integration of environmental responses into general management, introduc-tion of green technologies and transformation of corporate culture, were chosen as the dependent variables. Our sample consists of 193 firms obtained in a survey con-ducted in 1997. We find that bureaucratization of environmental management gen-erally has a positive relationship with corporate greening and that the presence of one or two of the three dimensions of bureaucratization may be sufficient for corporate greening to implement certain greening measures. The relationship between bureau-cratization and ISO 14001 environmental management systems (ISO 14001 EMSs