Heat Transfer and Solidification Model of Continuous Slab Casting: CON1D

A simple, but comprehensive model of heat transfer and solidification of the continuous casting of steel slabs is described, including phenomena in the mold and spray regions. The model includes a 1-D transient finite-difference calculation of heat conduction within the solidifying steel shell coupled with 2-D steady-state heat conduction within the mold wall. The model features a detailed treatment of the interfacial gap between the shell and mold, including mass and momentum balances on the solid and liquid interfacial slag layers, and the effect of oscillation marks. The model predicts shell thickness, temperature distributions in the mold and shell, thickness of the re-solidified and liquid powder layers, heat flux profiles down the wide and narrow faces, mold water temperature rise, ideal taper of the mold walls, and other related phenomena. The important effect of non-uniform distribution of superheat is incorporated using the results from previous 3-D turbulent fluid flow calculations within the liquid pool. The FORTRAN program, CON1D, has a user-friendly interface and executes in less than a minute on a personal computer. Calibration of the model with several different experimental measurements on operating slab casters is presented along with several example applications. In particular, the model demonstrates that the increase in heat flux throughout the mold at higher casting speeds is caused by two combined effects: thinner interfacial gap near the top of the mold, and 2 thinner shell towards the bottom. This modeling tool can be applied to a wide range of practical problems in continuous casters. I