Innovation modes and

Executive summary This paper is motivated by the aim to develop appropriate indicators capturing modes of innovation by UK enterprises, examine how such innovation practices vary across regions and industries and explore the extent to which they have an impact on productivity. There is an emphasis on identifying and examining the relevance of non-technological innovation that builds on and extends previous research in this important area. Traditionally, measures of innovation have rested on single indicators such as patenting or R&D, supplemented, by product and process and process innovation outputs. More recently innovations in management, organisational and marketing areas are being brought into the picture and the relevant information collected by innovation surveys. Among indicators of innovation the distinctions between technological and non-technological innovations has often been loosely translated into either activities in manufacturing versus services, or into product and process innovations versus organisational and marketing innovations. While these simplifications of technologica