Promiscuous mismatch extension by human DNA polymerase lambda

DNA polymerase lambda (Pol l) is one of several DNA polymerases suggested to participate in base excision repair (BER), in repair of broken DNA ends and in translesion synthesis. It has been proposed that the nature of the DNA intermediates partly determines which polymerase is used for a particu-lar repair reaction. To test this hypothesis, here we examine the ability of human Pol l to extend mis-matched primer-termini, either on ‘open ’ template-primer substrates, or on its preferred substrate, a 1 nt gapped-DNA molecule having a 50-phosphate. Interestingly, Pol l extended mismatches with an average efficiency of 102 relative to matched base pairs. The match and mismatch extension catalytic efficiencies obtained on gapped molecules were 260-fold higher than on template-primer mole-cules. A crystal structure of Pol l in complex with a single-nucleotide gap containing a dG·dGMP mismatch at the primer-terminus (2.40 Å) suggests that, at least for certain mispairs, Pol l is unable to differentiate between matched and mismatched termini during the DNA binding step, thus account-ing for the relatively high efficiency of mismatch extension. This property of Pol l suggests a potential role as a ‘mismatch extender ’ during non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and possibly during translesion synthesis