Gene expression of TPA induced differentiation in HL-60 cells by DNA microarray analysis. Nucleic Acids Res

The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is a potent inducer of differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Recently, TPA has been successfully administered to patients with myelocytic leukemia and has produced therapeutic effects that led to temporary remission. These studies demonstrated the potential ef®cacy of TPA in cancer chemotherapy. We now seek to under-stand the biological effects and molecular mechan-isms of differentiation in response to TPA treatment in leukemia cells by expression pro®ling using DNA microarray. Our results show distinct temporal and coordinated gene changes that are consistent with differentiation and activation of multiple biochem