At the very start of the Meditations,(1) Descartes writes that his reason for "making a clean sweep " and "beginning again from the very foundations " of knowledge is that by so doing he hopes to "establish some secure and lasting result in science " (AT, 17; AG, 61; emphasis added). In order to attain scientific knowledge (scientia), or what he calls in Meditation V "perfect knowledge " (perfecte scire), Descartes entertains and seeks to remove what he calls a "metaphysical " reason for doubting all that he had previously thought he knew.(2) This reason for doubt is that perhaps he has a nature so radically defective that he is liable to go wrong about anything, even what seems most evident...