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dem 1 J line alytic synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate uses cial force [4]. But direct observation of the proton conduction is difficult since the transport may be very coupling between F1 and F0 in single molecule. The study that such model of hybrid d-free F0F1-ATPase was used to image the rotation of ATP motor driven by proton-motive force [6,7]. And this system is also suitable for studying mechanically driven proton conduction coupled with artifi-cially driven rotation of the new rotor simultaneously at single molecule level. * Corresponding author