Tax reform in India: achievements and challenges

There have been major changes in tax systems in several countries over the last two decades for a variety of reasons. The objective of this paper is to analyse the evolution of the tax system in India since the early 1990s. The paper describes and assesses the introduction of new forms of direct and indirect taxes, their revenue and equity implications and the successes achieved in their implementation. The paper concludes that after eight years of reform improving the tax system remains a major challenge in India. There have been major changes in tax systems of countries with a wide variety of economic systems and levels of development during the last two decades. The motivation for these reforms has varied from one country to another and the thrust of reforms has differed from time to time depending on the development strategy and philosophy of the times. In many developing countries, the immediate reason for tax reforms, has been the need to enhance revenues to meet impending fiscal crises. As Bird (1993) states, “…fiscal crisis has been proven to be the mother of tax reform”