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Approximately 39 percent of the nation’s primary school children (i.e., kindergartners through third-graders) receive some form of nonparental care before and/or after school on a weekly basis. They spend an average of 14 hours per week in this care. These findings come from the National Center of Education Statistics ' (NCES) 1995 National Household Education Survey (NHES:95) and highlight the importance of looking at before- and after-school care for children during their early school years. The care children receive before and after school concerns parents, practitioners, researchers, and policymakers. The major concern centers on how children spend their out-of-school time. The majority of children’s waking hours (70 to 90 percent) is spent outside of school (Miller 1995; Seppanen et al. 1993). This time represents an enormous opportunity for learning social skills and developing interests, and the way this time is spent has been linked to achievement (Seligson 1997). Organized programs for the provision of this care and enrichment have been noted to be especially vital for kindergartners through third-grader