Symbol systems and perceptual representations

The relationship between verbal mental representations and action, perception and emotion is discussed. It is argued that symbols are not directly grounded in the real world but are made meaningful because of their relationship with other symbols. Symbols are not defined by the real world, but symbols mirror the real world. An isomorphism exists between symbolic representations and the world of action and perception, but the meaning of symbols cannot be reduced to perception and action. This argument is illustrated with some examples from LSA and related models of verbal meaning. The ability to represent the world symbolically, and hence abstract thought, evolved from other, more concrete forms of representation. The ways in which people model the world in their mind follows an orderly sequence, both phylogenetically and ontogenetically. Donald (1991), for instance, distinguishes a sequence of cultures, each characterized by a particular form of mental representation. All animals learn and have procedural memories. At some level (certainly at the level of primates) animals are able to represent the world in terms of generalized records of past experience that allow the