Laparoscopic Reconstructive Bladder Prolapse Surgery in the Female

There are many different operations for pelvic organ prolapse. This article deals with the techniques and views currently practised by the author as inspired by world renowned surgeons in the field of female reconstructive surgery.1, 2, 3, 4, 5 The basic principle of this approach is to support weak and prolapsed tissue by suturing it to bone, either directly or indirectly by interpositioning of mesh. The aim is to restore the anatomy as close to the original anatomy as possible. Anatomy The bladder is supported by a specific part of the endopelvic fascia called the pubocervical fascia. The pubocervical fascia extends from the pubis anteriorly to the cervix of the uterus posteriorly. The pubocervical fascia acts like a hammock to support the bladder in the correct position. The anterior (front) end of the pubocervical fascia supports the bladder neck and urethra and the posterior (back) end of the pubocervical fascia supports the bladder. The anatomy and function of the bladder may be affected when either the support of the anterior (front) end of the hammock is damaged by a process such as pregnancy and child birth o