Measuring Attachment Security Directly: A Suggested Extension to the Two-Factor Adult Attachment Construct

ABSTRACT- This study investigated a three-dimensional model of attachment based on the Relationship Questionnaire (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) and the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ-R; Griffin & Bartholomew, 1994) in three different samples (n=254, n=129, n=168). Confirmatory factor analysis suggested a three-dimensional model to have better fit than a two dimensional one. The three factors were named Secure / Insecure, Avoidant / Dismissive, and Preoccupied / Anxious. Data from other tests supported the model as a viable alternative to a two-dimensional one. The model was discussed from the view that security/insecurity should be included in a complete measurement model of attachment. John Bowlby introduced attachment theory (1969, 1973, 1980) as a way to understand the fundamental motives of human development, alternative to classical psychoanalytic and object-relations theories. The plethora of developmental, clinical, and social psychological studies that have followed during the past two decades represent an emerging theory of human development and personality. It has, however, inherent weaknesses that need to be addressed (for recent review