author is also grateful to the participants of these conferences and workshops, and partic-

In production economies with unequal skills, this paper character-izes bargaining solutions by using axioms on allocation rules rather than axioms on classical bargaining solutions. We introduce a new axiom, Consistency w.r.t. Technological Innovations, so that the non-welfaristic characterizations of bargaining solutions in the production economies are provided. By the characterizations, we can classify the three bargaining solutions (the Nash, the Kalai-Smorodinsky, and the Egalitarian solutions) from the viewpoint of responsibility and compensation discussed by Dworkin. Journal of Economic Literatur