Influence of Grain Size and Additions of Al And Mn on The Magnetic Properties of Non-Oriented Electrical Steels With 3 wt. (%) Si

The influence of hot-band grain size and additions of aluminum and manganese on the magnetic properties of non-oriented grain (NOG) low-carbon electrical steel with about 3 wt. (%) Si were investigated using optical microscopy and X ray diffraction. The addition of manganese resulted in larger grains after final annealing. Coarse grains in the hot-band and addition of Mn led to a Goss orientation component after final annealing, which resulted in an increase in the magnetic permeability