FUTURE TRENDS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN HELSINKI METROPOLITAN AREA

Approximately 127 million tonnes of waste and comparable by-products were generated in Finland in 2000. Of this total amount, the largest quantities are surplus soil from construction (34 million tones), wall rock, ore dressing sand and other soil material from mining and quarrying (26 million tones in all), straw and manure from agriculture (25 million tonnes) and wood felling waste from forestry (20 million tonnes). Altogether nearly 17 million tones of waste were generated in manufacturing in 2000, of which the largest quantities were waste wood and bark, slag from the basic metal industry, especially gypsum, and liquid wastes from the food industry. The annual volume of solid municipal waste amounted to 2.6 million tones. Smaller amounts than those listed above were generated as ash and slag from energy production, construction materials from new building and demolition and as sludge from waste water treatment. On average, 40 per cent of all the generated waste are recovered by the national economy as a whole. In thems of volume this represents approximately 50 million tones. Wastes like surplus soils from construction, as well as manure and straw, were recovered in large volumes. Manufacturing recovered 67 per cent of its waste, either as energy or as raw material. goo