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high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) (Tierney 2002). blurred vision, unexplained weight loss, lethargy, and conditions characterized by increased levels of blood glucose There are three key defects in the onset of hyperglycemia cells that respond to insulin rather than a problem with insulin diabetes in the young (MODY). 1Journal of Endocrinology (2010) 204, 1–11 DOI: 10.1677/JOE-09-0260changes in energy metabolism. T2DM is a complex heterogeneous group of metabolic production. Some rare causes of diabetes include pregnancy, certain medications, or diseases such as maturity onsetThe two most common forms of diabetes are type 1 diabetes (diminished production of insulin) and type 2 diabetes (impaired response to insulin and b-cell dysfunc-tion). Both lead to hyperglycemia, excessive urine production, compensatory thirst, increased fluid intake, in T2DM: increased hepatic glucose production, diminishe