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e H knm tur infe an predict the follicle reserve. However, the roles of MIS in human ovarian physiology are unknown. To gain an insight into the followed by a phase of growth. The growing follicles are next selected for differentiation to ovulate or undergo rodent ovary. The expression is specifically detected in with wild-type littermates. In addition, the follicles of MIS knockout mice demonstrate altered sensitivity to have not been well defined. Limited and controversial the early preantral and antral follicles; the expression isDOI: 10.1530/rep.1.01178lost in the ovulatory or the atetric follicles (Uneo et al. q 2006 Society for Reproduction and Fertilityinformation exist on the expression profiles of MIS in the human ovary. During development, MIS protein hasatresia (McGee & Hsueh 2000). This cyclic process of follicle selection unto ovulation or atresia is regulated and is under strict endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine control. Among the several local factors involved in follicular differentiation, Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) also known as anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the regulation of folliculogenesis in rodents. Essentially a male hormone, produced by the Sertoli cells of the fetal testis (Lee & Donahoe 1993, Lee et al. 1994), MIS mRNA and protein has been detected in the granulosa cells of the adult FSH (Durlinger et al. 2001). Based on these studies, it has been suggested that MIS may play a role in follicle selection in the rodent ovary (Durlinger et al. 2002a, Visser et al. 2006). In human females, circulatory levels of MIS have been found to correlate with the ovarian reserve, the levels are altered in cases of abnormal folliculogenesis (Fallat et al