1 Membrane Biofilm Reactors for Water and Wastewater Treatment

Certain gaseous substrates, such as hydrogen, methane, and oxygen, can act as electron donor or acceptors for desired microbial processes. These gases are inexpensive and can lead to effective processes, but their low water solubility can limit their use. The membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) is a novel system that uses membranes to supply dissolved gas directly to a biofilm growing on the membrane surface. This paper describes the MBfR and discusses applications for water and wastewater treatment