Supplemental Experimental Procedures Calculation of Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficients

Correlating cotyledon size to dormancy presents the obvious prob-lem that differences in dormancy between genotypes are observ-able only after different degrees of after-ripening. For instance, the germination of ga1-3 and ga1-3 rgl2-1 are superficially similar at harvest (zero germination, Figure 1A), whereas clear differences are obvious after 6 weeks of storage. Any system used for measur-ing the correlation must be able to account for these differences over time. Hence, we chose a ranked correlation test and ranked dormancy in the DELLA mutants by choosing dormancy at harvest as the first criterion and then by choosing dormancy at 1 week of storage, 2 weeks, and lastly 6 weeks. In practice, the correlation be-ing measured was so strong that small differences in the ranking of dormancy in the DELLA mutants resulted in only trivial changes in the resulting correlation coefficient. DELLA mutants were ranked from least dormant to most dormant with the data represented in Figure 1A as follows: Rank 1: ga1-3 rgl2-1 rga-t2 gai-t6 rgl1-1; ga1-3 rgl2-1 rga-t2 gai-t