Values, Vision, Vector, and Voice: Connecting Leadership Perspectives and Public Administration Approaches Author:

The way we look at leadership determines in many ways what we think leadership is. And how we approach leadership study influences us the same way. Taking a more holistic, philosophical approach to leadership research may offer us more encompassing and transcendent views of what leadership is as distinct from other social activities. This approach allows us to grapple with leadership authenticity in interesting ways. Is leadership authentic because the people who are called leaders are authentic people? Or, is authentic leadership a notion that can be thought of in holistic ways, differentiating it from other notions of social engagement, like management? If so, what are some different conceptions of leadership and how can we determine whether they really reflect leadership philosophy or some other version of collective interaction? This paper examines a more holistic approach to studying leadership. It offers a framework to analyze the different perspectives people describe and experience as leadership and reviews a model of leadership perspectives. In the end, we see that leadership might be better described as a holarchical system of ever more encompassin