1Rights and Citizenship in a World of Global Terrorism

2Many people have observed that the world is a fundamentally different place after the events of September 11, 2001, and this is certainly true. In addition to the immediate loss of life and property that took place on that day, the world has suffered a tremendous loss in wealth in its aftermath. Countless billions of Euros have and are still being spent to protect ourselves against future attacks, countless billions of hours have and will continue to be spent queuing to enter an airplane or football stadium, or to cross a border as a consequence of September 11th. And to these costs must be added the psychological costs imposed on millions of people who fear future attacks on their lives and their way of life. September 11th has been interpreted by many opinion and political leaders in the West as an attack upon “our civilization, ” or upon civilization in general. To protect our civilized society steps have been taken that infringe upon the freedoms that many people associate with Western Civilization. These range from allowing the police more freedom in citizen surveillance, detention and interrogation, to greater restrictions on immigration and travel. Understandably the United States has taken the lead in introducing these changes, but similar moves have also been taken in Europe and other countries. These actions raise fundamenta