A classification of author co‐citations: Definitions and search strategies

The term author co-citation is defined and classified according to four distinct forms: the pure first-author co-citation, the pure author co-citation, the general au-thor co-citation, and the special co-author/co-citation. Each form can be used to obtain one count in an author co-citation study, based on a binary counting rule, which either recognizes the co-citedness of two authors in a given reference list (1) or does not (0). Most studies using author co-citations have relied solely on first-author co-citation counts as evidence of an author’s oeuvre or body of work contributed to a research field. In this article, we argue that an author’s contribution to a se-lected field of study should not be limited, but should be based on his/her complete list of publications, regard-less of author ranking. We discuss the implications as-sociated with using each co-citation form and show where simple first-author co-citations fit within our clas-sification scheme. Examples are given to substantiate each author co-citation form defined in our classifica-tion, including a set of sample Dialog ™ searches using references extracted from the SciSearch database