de Broglie Wave Phase Shifts Induced by Surfaces Closer than 25 nm

Abstract. Four atom optics experiments that each serve to measure atom-surface interactions near nanofabricated gratings are presented here. In these experiments atoms in a beam travel within 25 nm of a material grating bar, and the analysis incorporates phase shifts for the atomic de Broglie waves due to interactions betwen Na atoms and silicon nitride surfaces. One atom diffraction experiment determines the van der Waals coefficient C3 = 2.7±0.8 meVnm3, and one atom interferometer experiment determines C3 = 4±1 meVnm3. The results of all four experiments are consistent with the Lifshitz prediction that is explicitly calculated here for Na-silicon nitride to be C3 = 3.25 meVnm3. The four atom optics experiments and review of van der Waals theory are complemented by similar experiments using electron beams and analysis of image-charge effects. 1