On upstream influence in supersonic flows

The general problem of propagation of three-dimensional disturbances in viscous supersonic flows is considered in the framework of characteristic analysis. Unlike previous results for linear disturbances we deduce a condition determining nonlinear characteristic surfaces which is exact and therefore allows both qualitative and quanti-tative studies of the speed of propagation as a function of various physical phenomena. These include negative and adverse pressure gradients, and effects of wall cooling and suction–blowing, which are studied in this work as an illustration of the general theory. 1