Measuring risk and protective factors for substance use, delinquency, and other adolescent problem behaviors: The Communities that Care youth survey

Risk and protective factors predictive of adolescent problem behaviors such as substance abuse and delinquency are promising targets for preventive intervention. Community planners should assess and target risk and protective factors when designing prevention programs. This study describes the development, reliability, and validity of a self-report survey instrument for adoles-cents ages 11 to 18 that measures an array of risk and protective factors across multiple ecologi-cal domains as well as adolescent problem behaviors. The instrument can be used to assess the epidemiology of risk and protection in youth populations and to prioritize specific risk and pro-tective factors in specific populations as targets for preventive intervention