u.washington.edu).

Background: Women infected with human immunodefi ciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and-2 may be at higher risk of develop-ing cervical cancer than uninfected women. We assessed the relationships among human papillomavirus (HPV) types and persistence, HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infection, and the develop-ment of high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) in a prospective study. Methods: We studied 627 women with and without HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infection and high-risk HPV infection in Senegal, West Africa, who were assessed every 4 months for HSIL and HPV DNA over a mean follow-up of 2.2 years. Cox regression modeling was used to assess risks associated with development of HSIL. Results: During follow-up, 71 (11%) of 627 women developed HSIL as detected by cytology. HIV-infected women with high-risk HPV types were at greatest risk for development of HSIL