1 The Paradigm of Complexity in Clinical Neuro-Cognitive Science

Neuro-cognitive science represents the modern approach to integrate the sub-disciplines aimed at a scientific study of the brain-mind system. This relatively new discipline recognizes, implicitly or explicitly, that this is a complex system whose states and processes are determined by multiple bio-psycho-social variables and order parameters. In a generic perspective, all neuro-cognitive science is complex as it is multidisciplinary but, in some studies, complexity has become a more defined scientific paradigm using its own specific empirical and theoretical tools. Some neuro-scientists consider Complexity Science as a specific and formalized paradigm. Between their contributions, we will try to highlight some current promising paths and new frontiers for neuroscience. In this perspective we will mostly focus on those contributions directly related to clinical perspectives. This is the reason why some seminal contributions more focused on physiological functioning might not be mentioned