THE DESIGN OF WINGLETS FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE

Although theoretical tools for the design of winglets for high-performance sailplanes were initially of limited value, simple methods were used to design winglets that gradually became accepted as benefiting overall sailplane performance. To further these gains, an improved methodology for winglet design has been developed. This methodology incorporates a detailed component drag buildup that includes the ability to interpolate input airfoil drag and moment data across operational lift coefficient, Reynolds number, and flap-setting ranges. Induced drag is initially predicted using a relatively fast multi- lifting line method. In the final stages of the design process, a full panel method, including relaxed-wake modeling, is employed. The drag predictions are used to compute speed polars for both level and turning flight. The predicted performance is in good agreement with flight-test results. The straight and turning flight speed polars are then used to obtain cross-country performance over a range of thermal strengths, sizes, and shapes. Example design cases presented here demonstrate that winglets can provide a small, but important, performance advantage over much of the operating range for both span limited and span unlimited high-performance sailplanes. Nomenclature b span c wing chord cl section lift coefficient h winglet height CDp profile drag coefficient averaged over span K induced drag factor S planform area V airspeed VCC average cross-country speed VCR crossover velocity VS sink rate W weight ρ air densit