1 Modeling and Simulation to the Design of Σ ∆ Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer

A set of behavioral voltage-domain verilogA/verilog models allowing a systematic design of the Σ ∆ fractional-N frequency synthesizer is discussed in the paper. The approach allows the designer to accurately predict the dynamic or stable characteristic of the closed loop by including nonlinear effects of building blocks in the models. The proposed models are implemented in a three-order Σ∆ fractional-N PLL based frequency synthesizer with a 60MHz frequency tuning range. Cadence SpectreVerilog simulation results show that behavioral modeling can provide a great speed-up over circuit-level simulation. Synchronously, the phase noise, spurs and settling time can also be accurately predicted, so it is helpful to a grasp of the fundamentals at the early stage of the design and optimization design at the system level. The key simulation results have been compared against measured results obtained from an actual prototype validating the effectiveness of the proposed models