Entry and Competition E¤ects in First-Price Auctions: Theory and Evidence from Procurement Auctions,Review of Economic Studies

Motivated by several interesting features of the highway mowing auction data from Texas Department of Transportation (TDoT), we propose a two-stage procurement auction model with endogenous entry and uncertain number of actual bidders. Our entry and bidding models pro-vide several interesting implications. For the \u85rst time, we show that even within an independent private value paradigm, as the number of potential bidders increases, biddersequilibrium bid-ding behavior may become less aggressive because the entry e¤ectis always positive and may dominate the negative competition e¤ect.We also show that it is possible that the relation-ship between the expected winning bid and the number of potential bidders is non-monotone decreasing as well. We then develop an empirical model of entry and bidding controlling for unobserved auction heterogeneity to analyze the data. The structural estimates are used to quantify the entry e¤ectand the competition e¤ectwith regard to the individual bids and the procurement cost, as well as the savings for the government with regard to the procurement cost when the entry cost is reduced