Predicting concurrency errors at runtime using sliced causality

A runtime analysis technique is presented, which can predict con-currency errors in multithreaded systems by observing potentially non-erroneous executions. It builds upon a novel causal partial or-der, sliced causality, that weakens the classic but strict “happens-before ” by using both static information about the program, such as control- and data-flow dependence, and dynamic synchroniza-tion information, such as lock-sets. A vector clock algorithm is introduced to automatically extract a sliced causality from any ex-ecution. A memory-efficient procedure then checks all causally consistent potential runs against properties given as monitors. If any of these runs violates a property, it is returned as a “predicted” counter-example. This runtime analysis technique is sound (no false alarms) but not complete (says nothing about code that was not covered). A prototype called jPredictor has been implemented and evaluated on several Java applications with promising results. 1