Genetic Variation and Relationships among Cultivated, Wild, and Semiwild Soybean

ABSTRACT Fukuda (1933) proposed that G. gracilis is an intermedi-ate evolutionary type between G. soja to G. max, butSome annual Glycine accessions are intermediate between the Hymowitz (1970) suggested that G. gracilis is a hybrid-standard phenotypes of Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc. and have been labeled semiwild. Few studies have ization product of G. max and G. soja. The latter hypoth-examined both the genetic and phenotypic relationships among G. esis was supported by Broich and Palmer (1981) on the soja, G. max, and semiwild-types by combining morphological traits basis of the results from their study of the frequency and DNA markers. The objectives of this research were to quantify and distribution of 10 alleles among G. max, G. soja, genetic variation within G. soja, G. max, and semiwild accessions; to and G. gracilis accessions. On the basis of numerical investigate the relationships among the G. soja, G. max, and semiwild taxonomic analysis, Broich and Palmer (1980, 1981) rec-accessions; and to examine the relationships among phenotypes on ommended that the designations G. max and G. gracilisthe basis of morphological traits and genotypes on the basis of DNA both be utilized. They reasoned that G. gracilis pheno-markers. Ninety-two semiwild, G. soja, and G. max accessions from types can be distinguished from G. max and they repre-the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection were evaluated for 20 sent an intermediate form of domesticated soybean. Inphenotypic traits and with 137 RAPD markers. Mahalanobis distances and a Jaccard genetic similarity matrix were calculated for phenotypic addition, G. max and its semiwild relative should b