Spatial Effects of Multiple Scattering of HF Signals in the Ionosphere: Theory and Experiment

The theory of multiple scattering of MF/HF radio waves by intermediate-scale (0.1-2 km) ionospheric irregularities in the course of near-normal incidence reflection, as developed earlier by the authors [1,2], predicts significant reduction of the integral intensity of a signal reflected from the ionosphere in the vicinity of a ground-based transmitter (several tens of kilometers), followed by an enhancement at a greater distance. This effect is measurable using pulsed radar signals and a mobile setup comprising a digital receiver, a controlling lapto