Design and Simulation of Miniaturized Minkowski Fractal Aperture-Coupled Antenna for 5.8 GHz RFID Applications

A miniaturized 3rd-order Minkowski fractal aperture-coupled antenna is designed for 5.8 GHz RFID applications using particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. The PSO technique runs on MATLAB environment and synchronously coupled with an electromagnetic simulator (CST Microwave Studio) to estimate the radiation pattern parameters at each optimization iteration. Two objective functions are used to optimize the geometry of the antenna: return loss and the relative antenna size with respect to the reference (non-fractal) antenna. The simulated results show that the optimized fractal antenna has less than-37 dB return loss, more than 65 % reduction in patch area and, more than 4 dB gains