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le ex-lation posi-if the be a and ortant set of ologic may e de-e pro-iduals h the ris in Ultra-The position of the conus medullaris in the healthy adult population has been well estab-lished (1). Although it is also known that the conus “ascends ” from its early fetal location in the sacral canal to the eventual adult position (2–4), the precise timing of the ascent has been a matter of debate for many years. Traditionally it has been thought that the normal conus is located at L-3 vertebral body level at birth, ris-ing to the adult level of L1-2 during childhood, although a report in 1892 (5) suggested that the level of the conus did not alter after the normal gestation period. More recent studies (3, 6–8), have suggested only minor ascent of the cord, if any, after birth, but these studies have either dealt with very small numbers of fetuse children or have necessarily involved high lected populations resulting in questionab trapolation of data to the general popu (9). Knowledge of the range of the normal tion of the neonatal conus is essential presence of an abnormally low conus is to factor in the diagnosis of tethered cord other anomalies. This is particularly imp because surgery performed after the on symptoms is unlikely to improve neur dysfunction, although further deterioration be halted. Early surgery therefore may b sirable, and some neurosurgeons advocat phylactic surgery on asymptomatic indiv (10, 11). The aim of this study was to establis range of position of the conus medulla healthy neonates using spinal ultrasound