for the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) Study Group Objective: To compare vision therapy/orthoptics, pen-

cil push-ups, and placebo vision therapy/orthoptics as treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children 9 to 18 years of age. Methods: In a randomized, multicenter clinical trial, 47 children 9 to 18 years of age with symptomatic conver-gence insufficiency were randomly assigned to receive 12weeks of office-based vision therapy/orthoptics, office-based placebo vision therapy/orthoptics, or home-based pencil push-ups therapy. MainOutcomeMeasures: The primary outcomemea-sure was the symptom score on the Convergence Insuf-ficiency Symptom Survey. Secondary outcome mea-sures were the near point of convergence and positive fusional vergence at near. Results: Symptoms, which were similar in all groups a