Cultural Struggles on the Body in Japan and Asia: When should we use ‘modern ’ or ‘traditional ’ body techniques?

Thinking of the body as the arena of cultural struggles This paper discusses multiculturalism from the viewpoint of focusing on the cultural and historical body, where memory and the representation of various body cultures exist. Within the body of Japanese people the following body cultures exist: Ki (spirit), Hara or Tanden (the lower abdomen), Tanden Training, Taisō (gymnastics), Radio Taisō, modern sports and X sports like snowboarding and paragliding, which are popular among younger generations. These body cultures are complicatedly intertwined in the body. To study the history of the body and the political power that influences it, it is necessary to study the body cultures present in Japan before the introduction of modern sports from England and America. In addition to the body cultures in Japan, it is necessary to recognize the histories of body cultures in other countries and regions as well. In Asia, people in countries that were previously ruled under Japanese colonialism (e.g., Korea, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, etc.) were forced to practice not only modern sports, but also Taisō, Radio Taisō, Physical Education in school and military discipline. This process was utilized a