Malignant Hypertensive Retinopathy-Clinical and Fundus Manifestations in Patients with New Onset or Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Hypertension

Hypertension is ranked as the fourth greatest mor-tality risk factor in the world. Acute hyperten-sion of any cause can enter an accelerated or malig-nant stage. Three different levels of ocular fundic lesions are altered by arterial hypertension including hypertensive retinopathy, choroidopathy, and optic neuropathy.(1) Keith et al. used the term malignant hypertension (MHT) for the first time in the English literature in 1928 when they reported on a series of patients with the presence of retinitis, marked hyper