Over-time changes in adjustment and competence among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families

754-770. In a previous report, we demonstrated that adolescents ' adjustment varies as a function of their parents ' style (e.g., authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, neglectful). This 1-year follow-up was conducted in order to examine whether the observed differences are maintained over time. In 1987, an ethnically and socioeconomically heterogeneous sample of approximately 2,300 14-18-year-oIds provided infomiation used to classify the adolescents ' families into 1 of 4 parent-ing style groups. That year, and again 1 year later, the students completed a battery of standard-ized instruments tapping psychosocia! development, school achievement, internalized distress, and behavior problems. Differences in adjustment associated with variations in parenting are either maintained or increase over time. However, whereas the benefits of authoritative parent-ing are largely in the maintenance of previous levels of high adjustment, the deleterious conse-quences of neglectful parenting continue to accumulate. An extensive literature on socialization rind (1967,1971). Children who are raised in practices and their effects provides consis- authoritative homes score higher than their tent evidence that parental warmth, indue- peers from authoritarian, indulgent, or ne-tive discipline, nonpunitive punishment glectful homes on a wide variety of measure