Biomedical evaluation of nanomedicines

Abstract Nanotechnology is a newly fashionable field but in the world of drug development it is certainly not new. Nanotechnology has a vital role to play in realizing cost-effective diagnostic, therapeutic and prevent tools. The applications of nanotechnology for treatment, diagnosis, monitoring and control of biological systems have recently been referred to as nanomedicine. The nanocarriers have been made of safe materials, including synthetic biodegradable polymers, lipids and polysaccharides. Nanomedicines can be developed either as drug delivery systems or biologically active drug products. Application of nanotechnology is just started in traditional Chinese medicines. The change in the physicochemical and structural properties of engineered nanosized materials with a decrease in size could be responsible for a number of material interactions that could lead to toxicological effects. At present, scientists must accept that it is still very early in the toxicological evaluation for nanomaterials and nanomedicines, and few data on the safety and toxicity. The safety evaluation of nanomedicines includes workforce exposure limits in manufacturing process, environment impact with general impact and to patients after administration and safety for human use, such as depends on route of administration, dose and dosing frequency, as well as safety in drug delivery relates to toxicity of drug payload. The biomedical evaluation of nanomedicines include