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Microfluidic systems have significant implications for the fields of cell biology and cell-based assay as they enable conventional assays to be conducted using an automated and high-throughput approach. Unlike conventional in vitro cell culture methods, microfluidics can provide small and complex struc-tures mimicking the in vivo environment of cells. Recent research has shown that microfluidic cell culture systems convey more reliable results due to their ability to grow cells as biological systems do, and because they outperform those from conven-tional cell cultures and assay systems. According to a variety of cell types, different microfluidic plat-forms have been reported. The performance of microfluidic devices highly depends on the inner structure providing cells with the in vivo-like environ-ment to cells. In this paper, the microfluidic cell cul-ture systems developed are reviewed and categoriz-ed according to their cell type and assay develop-ment. Potential applications of current microfluidic cell culture systems are also addressed