Landscape ecology or environmental studies (Land Ecology)

Abstract: Environmental studies which were initiated in English speaking countries in 1960's-1980's and generated a school of thought ever since, are thought to be in par with another school of thought, which was formulated in central Europe, around 2nd world war and later (1980's) was followed by some North Americans, ie. landscape ecology. These schools are reviewed, analyzed, compared and discussed in definitions and principles of land/ landscape in one hand and landscape ecology and environmental studies on the other. Then they are also compared in a) data collection, b) surveying techniques, c) data analysis and integration, d) mapping units and scales, e) land / landscape evaluation and assessment, and f) planning tasks. Both schools are acting as crisis- solving- oriented science despite their major differences in data integration for mapping units and land evaluation techniques. Slight discrepancies in other areas and similarities are pointed out, particularly where modelling is concerned