Add to ORKGI would like to express appreciation to my advisory committee and especially my Co-Chairs, Monte Bobele, who provided so much patient guidance and encouragement, and Connie Steele, whose editorial assistance was invaluable. To my friends and co-workers, particularly Sven Dalemns and James Morris, who were so generous with their support, and tolerance I am also thankful. Without their encouragement and assistance this dissertation would have been a more difficult, if not impossible task. Barbara Ginsburg, has been my friend and companion through so many twists and turns, and so many years. She has always encouraged me to believe in the possibility of my dreams. To her I will always be grateful. Finally to my family, and especially my parents...