environments for active learning in action: problem-based learning, Association for Learning Technology

Rich Environments for Active Learning (REALs) are comprehensive instructional systems that are consistent with constructivist theories. They promote study and investigation within authentic contexts; encourage the growth of student responsibility, initiative, decision making and intentional learning; cultivate collaboration among students and teachers; utilize dynamic, interdisciplinary, generative learning activities that promote higher-order thinking processes to help students develop rich and complex knowledge structures; and assess student progress in content and learning-to-learn within authentic contexts using realistic tasks and performances. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is an instructional methodology that can be used to create REALs. PBL's student-centred approach engages students in a continuous collaborative process of building and reshaping understanding as a natural consequence of their experiences and interactions within learning environments that authentically reflect the world around them. In this way, PBL and REALs are a response to teacher-centred educational practices that promote the development of inert knowledge, such as conventional teacher-to-student knowledge dissemination activities. In this article, we compare existing assumptions underlying teacher-directed educational practice with new assumptions that promote problem solving and higher-level thinking by putting students at the centre of learning activities. We also examine the theoretical foundation tha