ORIGINAL PAPER Lignocellulose-degrading enzyme production by white-rot Basidiomycetes isolated from the forests of Georgia

Abstract The production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by eleven basidiomycetes species isolated from two ecosys-tems of Georgia was investigated for the first time under submerged (SF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) of lig-nocellulosic by-products. Notable intergeneric and intrageneric differences were revealed with regard to the extent of hydrolase and oxidase activity. Several fungi produced laccase along with hydrolases in parallel with growth during the trophophase, showing that the synthesis of this enzyme is not connected with secondary metabo-lism. The lignocellulosic substrate type had the greatest impact on enzyme secretion. Some of the substrates sig-nificantly stimulated lignocellulolytic enzyme synthesis without supplementation of the culture medium with spe-cific inducers. Exceptionally high carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase, 122 U ml-1) and xylanase (195 U ml-1) activ-ities were revealed in SF of mandarin peelings by Pseudotremella gibbosa IBB 22 and of residue after etha-nol production (REP) by Fomes fomentarius IBB 38, respectively. The SSF of REP by T. pubescens IBB 11 ensured the highest level of laccase activity (24,690 U l-1), whereas the SSF of wheat bran and SF of mandarin peels provided the highest manganese peroxidase activity (570–620 U l-1) of Trichaptum biforme IBB 117. Moreover, the variation of lignocellulosic growth substrate provides an opportunity to obtain enzyme preparations containing different ratios of individual enzymes